>>>>?

???

?

2016111008:38    ?-?

?????

?

???????????????????????????????????????????????

20159?????(201550)??20167?????????Z???????????????k???????????;9??????????"+"????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????

(?)???

?????????????????????????????

????????(PMC)??(OMB)????(CIO)?(CTO)OMB??(OIRA)????????????????????@??????????????Data.gov????OMB??@????????????????????????

????????(????)???????????????????????????????????????l?????

?????(The Directive on Open Government)???(Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat)??????(Library and Archives Canada)???(Statistics Canada)?????(Canada School of Public Service)?????????????????????????????????????????????;???????????;??????????

??????????(MST)??(MCIT)????(NDSAP)???????(DST)??????????????????????MCIT?????

()???

??????????????????????????????

?????????????OMB???(E-GOV)???OMB???????(OSTP)?(CTO)?E-GOV???????(Senior Agency Officer of Privacy)???

??????????p????????????????k???k??????????????????????څ????????????????????M????????????????B???????

????????(Information Management)???????????????????????(DSO)???????????????????????????????

??????(NDSAP)???????e??????????????NDSAP??????NDSAP????????˧?p????????????????????(OGD)??????????????????????????

()????

??????????????????????????

????OMB?A-130?(2000?)??????y?ʦ??????????2005?????(DRM)??????????,?()٧?????20091?????????????OMB?????Data.gov?????????2013OMB??????M-13-13????????????????????

???2012?????????????;??11194584??????Z?????????(factual)???(collection)????(?)???????????????2012?????????????????????????()??????(UK Government Licensing Framework)(2014)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????y?????????????????????ٳ???????;?????????;????????????????????;????????;?????????;??????????

?2005?????????????ʦ?????¦??????????????????????????

()????

???????????????????????

???????????????9????????(OIP)???????????????????????????OIP?????????????(CPO)PMC????@??(Open Data Cross-Agency Priority (CAP) Goal)????????????????????????????

2011??????????????????????????꧵??????????????????????????????;???????p?????????????????

???????????????(Management Accountability Framework)???????????????

()???

?????????????????????

??????(Project Open DataPOD)?????????????????????????????ߧ?????(GSA)?????????challenge.gov??????????????????????????(Harvards Innovations in American Government Award)??2009NYC Big Apps(????),?32 ???????????

????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????(OGD)???????????Wy???????Wy????????????????????????????????????????????????

()????Z

????Z???????????Z????????Z???

????????(Data.gov)?????(Apps.gov)??????????Data.gov?????????????????????????(Raw Data Catalog)??(Tools Catalog)???(Geodata Catalog)???????????XMLRSSCSV/TextKML/KMZ(???)ESRIShapefile(???)?

?????Data.gov.uk????????????????????20????Data.gov.uk?????CKAN???????????????????

20142????Drupal???API?????????????????????????՛???CSVXML???????????OGD????OGD????OGD??????????

?????

201550?????????????????????????????

(?)??

?????????????????????????????????????????????p????????????????????????¦???D?e??????R????k??????

()???

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????43?????????????????(??)????(??)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????B????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????(M?)??????????????

?????????????????????()??()???????????????????????????,???????????????????

()??????

??????p????????D?????駳??????????????????????????Z????

???????????????????????N??????????????????????C????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????

()???

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????Z???????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????

()֧???????????Z???

??????????;????????????????y?????????????????k????????????50???

????????????Z?????????????????????,?????,?????????????;?????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????֧?????????k???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ݘ???????k????????k????????

()????Z?

???Z??????????????Z?????????Z???????????

???????????????????????????????

?????????????C?????????????????????????????????????????????

()???????

??????????????,?????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????

[]

[1],.?[J]., 2015(11).

[2]?,.?:??[J].??,2016(8).

[3],,?.?????[J].l?,2016(8).

[4]?.??????˥??[J].l?,2014(1).

[5]???,?.?????[J].2013(6).

[6].?[J].??2014(9).

[7],?,Theresa Pardo.?:?[J].2013(6).

[8]?.??????[J]. (?)2016(7).

[9]?.??[J]?l??2015(12).

[10],?.?????[J]. l?2016(7).

[11]?.????[J]. 2015(12).

[12]?,.?[J].l?2015(11).

[13],.??????[J].l?2015(12).

[14].???:??[J].?2015(10).

[15]?.????[J].2016(1).

[16].?:??[J].l?2016(1).

A

A

????՞?ʦ??

???

(?)

??

????? ?????????????˧?t??????????????????

|???
?
?
??

??

???????????

???????????