2016080409:26 ?-?
????Ｏ2080?????????????????????г(quasi-market)???????????????????з?????????
??гμ(?)?г??2080????仯??仯·????????Щ??г???С????????????ге?????ɡ??￡?г????????Уг???????1??г????????г??г??????￠??????г?????г?Щ??????г?????;??????????2???г??г????и???á??г????г䴙?????У???廯?????????????г???????ó??????г???????С????????????Ч???Ч档()еá?г?????е䶮?棬???????￡????????г???????(Julian Le Grand)?????????й?????Щ?г???3???????????????г?????????г????г????????????á?г?????4??????????г?е??Ρ???????????????????????????н?????䶮5???á??￡????壬???????????????????????в???????????
????????2080??г???????
(?)?????????????????????????????6??????????(R. Wittenberg)?3(B. Sandlu)?????????б????????7?????????????о???????и??????????????????????(Eurostat)и???????????(long-term care)??????й???????????????2011????16???й???μ??2011???? 2011???????116?????з???й??У????????16?????1?????????о???16????????и??????????Щ??????ж????????????????????;????????????и?????????й??(1)1 ???? λ%
|
?? |
|
? |
? |
? |
и |
? |
|
?????? |
? |
76.26 |
8.62 |
0.00 |
14.5 |
0.62 |
|
? |
90.61 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
9.39 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
92.57 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
7.43 |
0.00 |
|
|
?? |
99.27 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.73 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
52.43 |
22.46 |
8.77 |
16.35 |
0.00 |
|
|
? |
63.85 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
36.15 |
0.00 |
|
|
? |
81.67 |
0.41 |
0.39 |
16.64 |
0.89 |
|
|
? |
94.92 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
2.79 |
2.27 |
|
|
??????? |
? |
24.54 |
42.89 |
0.42 |
30.06 |
2.09 |
|
? |
32.30 |
44.91 |
1.24 |
19.68 |
1.88 |
|
|
? |
37.80 |
46.27 |
3.07 |
12.86 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
20.24 |
52.16 |
0.89 |
26.71 |
0.00 |
|
|
?? |
27.23 |
58.96 |
0.43 |
12.40 |
0.97 |
|
|
|
36.54 |
62.55 |
0.00 |
0.40 |
0.50 |
|
|
|
11.29 |
77.37 |
0.25 |
9.40 |
1.69 |
|
|
? |
2.61 |
86.34 |
1.20 |
9.84 |
0.00 |
?Eurostat Health Date;Truven Health Analytics;Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services;National Health Policy Forum;Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU)10á???е?;???????;????;??2007?
()??????????????????????????????????????80%???н??????????????е???????????????????????????￡????(籱?)?????￡???迼??(簻3?)??????????????????
()????????????1??????????????????????????50%??(46.27%)1(44.91%)?(42.89%)???????У????????????????????????????????????????????????(?1)811995???????2000??黤??2008??????
?1 ?????
??
????(?)?????????罨?????????????????á??????仯????2013??65????16.98%???仯??????????
1. ?????????????(National Health Service, NHS)???(Personal Social Service, PSS)???????????(1946)?????????????С???(1970)???м????????????19901991??????????顷?????и??????????е??Σ???????????????????г??????9
2. ????????????????м????????У????гＯ???????????(block grant)????оη趨????10?????????????????????14250????;?14250?23250????ò;?23250????á11???????????????????????Ｏ??????????????????12????????????????????????????13???????ú???????????(?2)
?2 2007??????
?Department of Health. Departmental Report 2006, London: Department of Health. p. 40.?????2007???175?д?63.85%??(?????м??)??????????36%14???γ??????
3. ?????2090???????γ???????????????????????15??????????￡???????λ??????54.4%β??????26%16????У37%??????12%???????10%?????????41%??????17???????γ???????????????г??????????Ｏ????Я?????(?3)
?3 ?????
??
()?????????2070仯?????仯?????2013?65?????25.06%??μ???2090????????????
1. ?????????1962??1982??????й????????гＯ18?2080?仯???硣?棬???????????;?棬??μ??????????????1997???黤?2000???黤??黤???????????????????????
2. ???????黤????????黤???÷??黤??????У黤???90%???10%(2)?黤??????50%??25%????12.5%??1???2???ɡ1???????ɡ????????С?尴1????????趨????2?????????м??????????????????????????涨???е??á???(????)10%ó????????е??????Щ????黤????????л????????黤???????????????????2 ?黤????
|
黤?90% |
?? 10% |
|||||
|
50% |
??50% |
|||||
|
|
12.5% |
? 12.5% |
1?
21% |
2?
29% |
||
|
? 20% |
5% |
|||||
?Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Annual Health, Labour and Welfare Report 2013-2014. http://www.mhlw.go.jp.ɡ?????????2011?????110376??86.34%??黤?2.61%?(??)9.84%и?1.21%??(?4)???γ????????
?4 2011???
?Eurostat Health Date?
3. ??????黤???????淨?????????????????г?2010????飬?黤????УС????21.1%?????74.5%??4.4%19???????￡????黤????????黤???70%???????(3) 20??????γ?????????????￡??黤??????黤??????????????(?5)3 2009?????? λ?/
|
|
|
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|
?10% |
? |
? |
? |
||
|
?? |
191700-276300 |
19170-27630 |
???60000 ???50000 ???35000 ?10000 |
42000 |
???? |
|
? |
234300-297000 |
23430-29700 |
|||
|
??? |
234600-396600 |
23460-39660 |
|||
?. ????оEB/OL. http://www.mohw.gov.tw/CHT/DOSI/DM1.aspx?f_list_no=97&fod_list_no=1036. ?????????????
?5 ?????
??
()?????????а???ε÷?в????????????????Ρ?????????????????黤????е??Ρ?黤??гＯ????????黤???????黤???
????γ???????в?????(??????)???????????????????????黤??(??)??????????????????????γ?????????????Χ?黤??γ?????????????
?????г???????2090?????г??????????гУ???廯???????????????????????г??????????￡??黤??????
?й?????20??仯????2015??鹫??2015?60?????2.22????16.15%???仯??????????仯??????????????????(2000)??????(2013)???????(2013)????(2014)????????(2015)?????????á??????(?6)????????????????????λ?????????;????????????
?6 й??
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???￡????????????????2013??????240?(??112????128)21??2013?????0.04%2013????????1.7%???22????????й?о2015????顱?????????????????з?93.6%65.2%?????????2201 ?23 2015??????124????5.63%?????????????
??????У???????г??????????????????￡ε?????????????????
δ????????????????á????????????????????;????????Ч?Σ???????????????????й??????
?????о?? 210023;?????о
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